The Four Models of the Atom

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Thomson’s plum-pudding model,
-   a sphere with a uniformly distributed positive charge and enough embedded electrons to neutralize the positive charge.  A plum pudding is a sort of cake with raisins embedded in it.






Rutherford atomic model.
-  the atom is like a miniature solar system, with electrons orbiting around a massive nucleus, and as mostly empty space, with the nucleus occupying only a very small part of the atom.




Bohr model of the atom
-  electrons travel in defined circular orbits around the nucleus. The orbits are labeled by an integer, the quantum number n.
   Electrons can jump from one orbit to another by emitting or absorbing energy.


 


Quantum model
-  Instead of orbits, there were orbitals or regions of space with high probability of finding
electrons. These are known as electron clouds or electron subshells.
• There is no real “empty space,” but there are regions with a high or low probability of  finding an electron

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