In humans, males
and females are represented by different sex chromosomes
• Females have two
X chromosomes in the nucleus of their cells.
• Males have one X
chromosome and one Y chromosome in the nucleus of their cells.
Depending on
whether the trait is dominant or recessive, the expression pattern of the trait
differs in males and female
X-linked
traits are traits where the genes for the trait is found on
the X chromosome, while a
Sex-influenced
trait in a diploid organism have expression which are affected by an
individual’s biological sex and occurs at a higher frequency in one
sex over the other
Sex-limited
traits in a diploid organism have expression that are limited to just one
biological sex
Example.
Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait where an affected individual suffers from delayed blood
clotting during injuries.
Problem Exercise :
The last Emperor
of Russia, Nicolas II, was married to Empress Alexandra, and they had five
children, Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexis. Alexis was the only one
who was afflicted with hemophilia or the royal bleeding disease; all other
members were normal.
If only Prince
Alexis was afflicted with the disease,
a.) determine his genotype.
a.) determine his genotype.
b.) What could be the genotypes of the Emperor and Empress?
c.) Is it possible that each daughter could have been a carrier?
Write your answers in the comments.
a) Prince Alexis' genotype was XhY.
ReplyDeleteb) The pairing could go XHY-XhXh, XHY-XHXh, or XhY-XHXh.
c) Yes. If our monarchs had either a XHY-XhXh or a XhY-XHXh pair, then 100% of their daughters would carry the recessive h trait.
Answers
ReplyDelete1). His genotype is X^h Y or XhY
2).Emperor:X^HY or XHY
Empress:X^HX^H or XHXH
3).yes because their mother is a normal(carrier) so there is a possibility that her child became a carrier too.
a.) X(h)Y
ReplyDeleteb.) The genotype of the empress is X(h)X while the emperor is XY
c.) It is not possible for each daughter to have hemophilia because you can only obtained this kind of disease especially for a female if you have a genotype of X(h)X(h) because hemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait; hence the genotype of the offspring is X(h)X it is only recessive overpowered by the normal X chromosome
a.) determine his genotype.
ReplyDeleteAnswer: Prince Alexis' genotype would be X(deficient)Y
b.) What could be the genotypes of the Emperor and Empress?
Answer: Emperor's genotype would be normal XY while the Empress' genotype would be X(deficient)X, she will be a carrier of hemophilia gene
c.) Is it possible that each daughter could have been a carrier?
Answer: There is a 50% chance of passing the affected gene to a daughter. And yes it is possible for all daughters to be a carrier.
(' represents carrier x linked trait)
ReplyDelete1.) The genotype of Prince Alexis is X'Y.
2.) The genotype of the emperor is XY he is unaffected while the genotype of the Empress is X'X she is unaffected carrier.
3.) There is a 50% chance for the daughters to be a carrier because they can inherit one X chromosome from their father and one from their mother who is a carrier so they can get either the normal X chromosomes or the carrier X chromosome from her, if they inherit the carrier one they can be a carrier also but there is also a 50% chance of them being normal if they get both normal X chromosome. so it may not be each of them but some can be a carrier.
(-Mariejay Cunanan)
A.) (X^h Y)
ReplyDeleteB.) Emperor (X^H Y) Empress (X^H X^h)
C. Yes, it is possible that each daughter could have been a carrier.
A.) (X^h Y)
ReplyDeleteB.) Emperor (X^H Y) Empress (X^H X^h)
C. Yes, it is possible that each daughter could have been a carrier.
A.) (X^h Y)
ReplyDeleteB.) Emperor (X^H Y) Empress (X^H X^h)
C. Yes, it is possible that each daughter could have been a carrier.
1. Genotype of Prince Alexis: XY
ReplyDelete2. Genotypes of Emperor and Empress: 2(XX):2(XY)
3. YES
LIZETTE S. DOROTEO XII-SHUNEM
a) xY
ReplyDeleteb)xY and XX
c)yess it is possible that each daughter could have been a carrier because it's a matter of chance.
Kenkanashiro
ReplyDeleteA.)xY
B.)XY and xY
C.)yes
a) xY
ReplyDeleteb) XX and xY
c) yes it is possible that each daughter could have been a carrier because it is a matter of chancce
a. Dd or DD
ReplyDeleteb. Dd and dd
c. yes
A.Dd
ReplyDeleteB.DD and Dd
C.Yes
a)Dd or DD
ReplyDeleteb)DD or Dd
c) yes
The last Emperor of Russia, Nicolas II, was married to Empress Alexandra, and they had five children, Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexis. Alexis was the only one who was afflicted with hemophilia or the royal bleeding disease; all other members were normal.
ReplyDeleteIf only Prince Alexis was afflicted with the disease,
a.) determine his genotype.
-X^h Y
b.) What could be the genotypes of the Emperor and Empress?
-Emperor – X^H Y
-Empress – X^H Y^h
c.) Is it possible that each daughter could have been a carrier?
-No, since Hemophilia is a sex linked recessive trait, it is more likely that male offsprings will inherit the trait since they have only one X chromosome. And if Punnett square is used, there is a 75% wherein their offsprings will not inherit the trait which consists of two girls and one boy, and the remaining 25% which will inherit the trait will more likely to be a boy
-Mark Hachero
how to do the punnett square??
Deletea.) Prince Alexis' genotype is : xh y
ReplyDeleteb.) Emperor's genotype: xH y
Empress' genotype: xH xh
c.) It is not possible that each daughter could have been a carrier
Miguel Lugay - Smyrna
ReplyDelete1) XY:Xy(2):yx
2) XX - Xy
3) no
a.) XY
ReplyDeleteb.) XX and XY
c.) yes
Lawrence B. Mingote Stem 12-Shunem
ReplyDelete1.XY
2.XX and XY
3.Yes
a. Prince alexis genotype is xcy
ReplyDeleteb. The emperors genotype is xy while the empress genotype is xc.
c.50% of all the daughter have been a carrier but they could never have been affected.
Via Cris D. Echavez
ReplyDeleteSTEM12-SHECHEM
A. The genotype of Prince Alexis is XhY
B. The genotype of Emperor Nicholas II is XHY while Empress Alexandra is XHXh
C. Yes, because he possible outcome of the genotypes of their children are:
XHXH →Female Normal
XHY → Male Normal
XHXh → Female Carrier
XhY → Male Affected (Hemophilic)
a.) Alexis Genotype: xx
ReplyDeleteb.) Parents Genotype: Xx:Xx
c.) No
Kimbierly Jones A. Borromeo
ReplyDeleteSTEM-Samaria
a. Prince Alexis' genotype is XhY
b. Emperor Nicholas II is XHY while Empress Alexandra is XHXh
c. Yes, because the possible outcome of genotypes of their children are:
XHXH-Female Normal
XHY- Male Normal
XHXh- Female Carrier
XhY- Male Affected (Hemophilic)
a. his genotype is X(h)Y
ReplyDeleteb. The genotype of the empress is X(h)X while the genotype of emperor is XY
c. Each daughter is not possible to have hemophilia because female can only obtain this disease if they have the genotype of X(h)X(h)
a.) XhY
ReplyDeleteb.) The genotype of the Empress is XhXH (carrier) while the emperor is XHY(normal).
c.) Since the father is normal and the mother is a carrier, some or maybe one of their daughter could have a possibility to become a carrier depending on the X chromosome they'd got on their mother, it's either normal gene or hemophilia gene. Then another X chromosome is from their father which is normal.Moreover it's possible for each daughter to become a carrier if their father has hemophilia called obligate carriers.
a.) XhY
ReplyDeleteb.) The genotype of the Empress is XhXH (carrier) while the emperor is XHY(normal).
c.) Since the father is normal and the mother is a carrier, some or maybe one of their daughter could have a possibility to become a carrier depending on the X chromosome they'd got on their mother, it's either normal gene or hemophilia gene. Then another X chromosome is from their father which is normal.Moreover it's possible for each daughter to become a carrier if their father has hemophilia called obligate carriers.
1.XY
ReplyDelete2.XX AND XY
3.YES
Gacosta, King Jerome B.
ReplyDeleteSTEM-SHUNEM
1. XY
2. XX and XY
3. Yes
A. xx
ReplyDeleteB. Xx:Xx
C. No
A) xx
ReplyDeleteB) Xx:Xx
C) No
a. XY
ReplyDeleteb. XX and XY
c. Yes
a. XY
ReplyDeleteb. XX and XY
c. Yes
a. xx
ReplyDeleteb. Xx:Xx
c. NO
a.) XhY
ReplyDeleteb.) The genotype of the Empress is XhXH (carrier) while the emperor is XHY(normal).
c.)Yes,but it depends on their X chromosomes they got since the father is normal and the mother is a carrier, some or maybe one of their daughter could have a possibility to become a carrier depending on the X chromosome they'd got on their mother, it's either normal gene or hemophilia gene. Then another X chromosome is from their father which is normal.
a.) His genotype should be X(h)Y.
ReplyDeleteb.) The genotype of emperor is XY and the genotype of empress is X(h)X
c.) No, since there always be normal daughter in a cross of XY and X(h)Y.
a) Prince Alexis' genotype is X(h)Y
ReplyDeleteb) The Empress genotype is X(h)X and the Emperor's genotype is XY
c) No, it is not possible. The daughters could be a carrier only if their genotype is X(h)X(h)
a.) X^hY
ReplyDeleteb.) The genotype of the Emperor is XY, and the genotype of the Empress is X^hX.
c.) It is not possible that each daughter could have been a carrier because of the fact that it can only be obtain if you are a female having a X^hX^h and because hemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait.
a) prince alexis genotype is XY
ReplyDeleteb) XY for the emperor and XX for the empress with the carrier chromosome
c) No, not all of them but 2 or 3 of the daughters could be possible carriers
1 prince:xHy
ReplyDelete2 empress:xHyh
emperor:xHy
3.Possible according to the punnett square
xH - normal
xh - hemophilia
x^H= normal
ReplyDeletex^h= hemophilia
1 alexis=x^Hy
2 empress=x^Hy^h
emperor=x^Hy
3.Possible to be a carrier
(a.) The Genotype of Prince Alexis is = XhY
ReplyDelete(b.) The Genotype of the Emperor and the Empress might be or hypothetically, XHY for the Emperor considering that he is Normal and XHXh for the Empress considering that she is the carrier. I came up to the (H) (h) symbols so it can be seen as that if its normal or affected by the Hemophilia Trait
(c) It is possible that one of the daughters could have been a carrier.
a.) X^H X^h
ReplyDeleteb.) X^H X^h : X^h Y
c.) There's a possibility, but this case is rare to happen-- if mutation occurs.
John Rafael C. Añon
Grade 12- Samaria
a. xx
ReplyDeleteb. Xx x Xx
c. No
a. XY
ReplyDeleteb. the emperor has a XY genotype and XX for the empress which is the carrier
c. 2 or 3 of the daughters can be a carrier but not all of them
Maria Sophia Mojica
a. XY
ReplyDeleteb.Emperor XY:XX Empress ; Empress is the carrier.
c.2 or 3 of the daugther is the possible carrier.
-Aife Joy Annedhie Armas
a. XY
ReplyDeleteb.Emperor XY:XX Empress ; Empress is the carrier.
c.2 or 3 of the daugther is the possible carrier.
Mark Deniel Esporlas
Answer:
ReplyDeletea)XhY
b)XhY and XHXH
c)No
1, xhy
ReplyDelete2, xy and xhx
3, no
a. XY
ReplyDeleteb. XY for the Emperor and XX for the Empress and the Empress is the on who has the carrier chromosome
c. NO, Not all of them. Either 2 or 3 of the daughters could be carrier
Angelo Leon M. Aurelio
answer
ReplyDeletea. X-linked
b. Emperor= XX Empress= X&Y
c.Yes
answer
ReplyDeletea. X-linked
b. Emperor= X&Y Empress= XX
c.Yes
a. XhY
ReplyDeleteb. The genotype of the Empress is XhXH (carrier) while the emperor is XHY(normal).
c.) Since the father is normal and the mother is a carrier, some or maybe one of their daughter could have a possibility to become a carrier depending on the X chromosome they'd got on their mother, it's either hemophilia gene or normal gene. Then, the another X chromosome is from their father which is normal. However it is still possible for each daughter to become a carrier if their father has hemophilia called obligate carriers.
1. XhY
ReplyDelete2. Emperor - XHY
Empress - XhXh
3. Yes , because if you will do a punnett square of the parents you will have an outcome of 50% of having a carrier offspring and 50% that are not . So it's possible.
1. XhY
ReplyDelete2. Emperor - XHY
Empress - XhXh
3. Yes , because if you will do a punnett square of the parents you will have an outcome of 50% of having a carrier offspring and 50% that are not . So it's possible.
1. XhY
ReplyDelete2. Emperor - XHY
Empress - XhXh
3. Yes , because if you will do a punnett square of the parents you will have an outcome of 50% of having a carrier offspring and 50% that are not . So it's possible.
a. X^hY
ReplyDeleteb. X^hX and XY
c. Yes
Kyle Erjo Dela Cruz
STEM- Samaria
a) XY( with hemophilia)
ReplyDeleteb) Emperor- XY Empress- XX(carrier)
c) No, because only 50% of chances of the daughters could have been a carrier
a.) XhY
ReplyDeleteb.) Emperor - XHY Empress - XhXh
c.) Yes, it's possible.
a.) XhY
ReplyDeleteb.) Emperor - XhY Empress - XhXh
c.) Yes, it's possible.
Jericho V. Argarin
ReplyDeleteGrade 12 - Samaria STEM
1. XY
2. XX and XY
3. Yes
a.) XhY
ReplyDeleteb.) Emperor Nicolas II- XY Empress Alexandra- XhXh
c.) yes,but the chance that each daughter could be the carrier is low.
A.) XhY
ReplyDeleteB.) Emperor - XhY
Empress - XhXh
C.) Yes, each could have been carrier
- Shechem
a)xx
ReplyDeleteb)xy:xx
c)no
a. XhY
ReplyDeleteb. the genotype of Empress is XhXH while the Emperor is XHY.
c. it is possible for the daughters to become carrier if their father has hemophilia.
1). His genotype is X^h Y or XhY
ReplyDelete2).The Emperor: X^HY or XHY
The Empress: X^HX^H or XHXH
3). Yes, it's possible because the mother is normal(carrier) so there is a possibility that they become a carrier too.
Rone Jerome Narvaez
ReplyDeleteStem shunem
1. XY
2. XX and XY
3. YES, ITS POSSIBLE
The last Emperor of Russia, Nicolas II, was married to Empress Alexandra, and they had five children, Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexis. Alexis was the only one who was afflicted with hemophilia or the royal bleeding disease; all other members were normal.
ReplyDeleteIf only Prince Alexis was afflicted with the disease,
a.) determine his genotype.
His Genotype would be XhY since hemophilia is an X-linked trait
b.) What could be the genotypes of the Emperor and Empress?
The Emperor would be XH^Y ( Carier of hemophilia ) and the Empress
would be XX
c.) Is it possible that each daughter could have been a carrier?
No, since hemophilia rarely occurs on women
a. Dd or DD
ReplyDeleteb. Dd and dd
c. yes
jhexter D Mojar
ReplyDeleteSMYRNA-STEM
1.XhY
2.EMPEROR:XHY
EMPRESS:XHXh
3.Yes
Jhexter D Mojar
ReplyDeleteSTEM-SMYRNA
1.XhY
2.Emperor:XHY
Empress:XHXh
3.YES